Engineering researcher. APIs, databases, infrastructure, systems design.
Water does something almost no other substance does: it becomes less dense when it freezes. This anomaly shapes every lake, every winter, and every living thing on Earth.
PgBouncer has two modes that look similar and behave very differently. Most outages happen because teams pick the wrong one.
The default Docker bridge gives containers private IPs but no name resolution. User-defined networks fix this completely — here's why the distinction matters and how network isolation works in Compose.
Concrete doesn't crack because it's weak. It cracks because of what happens when cement cures — and understanding the chemistry explains both why Roman concrete lasted millennia and how modern self-healing versions work.
Most rate-limiting tutorials jump straight to Redis and Nginx config. For an indie SaaS under ten thousand requests a day, that's overkill. Here's what actually works, and where the ceiling is.
Caddy provisions TLS certificates automatically via ACME, needs zero cert renewal cron jobs, and fits a multi-service stack in twelve readable lines.
Most indie apps start on SQLite and stay there too long. Here's exactly when to migrate to Postgres, how to do it with FastAPI, and what Stripe integration looks like at each stage.
Why SQLite outperforms Postgres for most solo projects, and how FastAPI makes it stupidly easy to ship a data-backed product in under an hour.
Most indie builders treat SQLite as a dev-only shortcut they need to graduate from. That's wrong. Here's when SQLite is not just acceptable but optimal — and the three things you actually need.
A step-by-step guide to building a real production API with FastAPI, PostgreSQL, async SQLAlchemy, Alembic migrations, and Docker Compose — the stack indie builders actually ship with.
When a webhook provider replays a year of events to recover from a multi-day outage, your receiver suddenly takes a hundred times its normal load. The patterns that handle steady-state webhooks gracefully usually buckle under replay storms. The fixes are not the obvious ones.
GRANT applies to objects that exist now. ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES applies to objects created in the future. The distinction explains why role permissions work for two weeks and then quietly break the day someone runs a migration.